Synthesis of Aquasomes With Different Compositions

Synthesis of Aquasomes With Different CompositionsExecutive Summary of Research Proposal (maximum 300 words)(Please include the problem statement, objectives, research methodology, evaluate output/outcomes/implication, and implication of output from the research project)The last three decades draw witnessed remarkable and breathtaking advances in the field of biotechnology, biochemistry, molecular biology and peptide synthesis. These developments have facilitated the pharmaceutical industry to stumble remarkable progress in the development of peptide and proteins as drugs. Since proteins are known to be involved in essentially all biological processes and reactions, they represent a promising class of therapeutics. Administration of these classes of drugs to humans is formidable challenge for biotechnologist as well as pharmacist. The biggest problems lying in their governance are physical and chemic instability, poor bioavailability and lack of knowledge for delivering them. T hese problems can be solved by using the aquasomes. Aquasomes combines biotechnology and nanotechnology approaches. These net balls are the recent addition in oral communication systems that have wider applications in peptide and protein oral communication. Aquasomes are three-layered self-assembled nanostructures. They contain solid nanocrystalline core lile calcium phosphate cover with polyhydroxy oligomers over which peptide and protein are adsorbed. The carbohydrate coating protects the peptide from dehydration and stabilizes the alert peptide molecules. Structural stability is provided by solid core. Aqausomes maintains the conformational integrity of peptide which makes it ideal carrier system for delivery of peptides. In the proposed clip Aquasomes, a novel nano drug delivery system compassing of hydroxy apatite (HA) core having carbohydrate coating will be prepared. plasminogen activator will be immobilized on these nanostructures for thromobolytic therapy. The prepare d systems will be characterized for size, shape, size distribution, enzyme loading efficiency, and in vivo performance. The in vivo performance of the formulated aquasome will be compared with standard plasminogen activator preparation. In Aquasome the steric hindrance is provided by polyhydroxyoligomers between enzyme and telephone circuit theatrical role (Plasma protein). Later reticuloendothelial system cells assist in removing exogenous material from blood stream .The polyhydroxy oligomers maintain three dimensional conformation of enzyme and also helps in deferring recognizition from RES cells. Therefore it is proposed that aquasome not only act as dehydroprotectant but also preserve the three dimensional conformation of enzyme in blood, which enhanced dramatically the half- deportment of enzyme. So it is expected that proposed system can add new dimension in delivery of plasminogen activator through its rapid onset of action, maximum expertness and safetyResearch backgrou nd including Problem Statement, Hypothesis/Research Questions, Literature Reviews, Related References and Relevance to Goverment Policy, if any.Problem statement urokinase is a serine protease enzyme which is widely used as an anti-thromboembolic drug in thrombolytic therapy. Urokinase is a strong plasminogen activator. Activation of plasmin activates a proteolysis cascade which breaks down the fibrin polymers of blood clots. This makes plasminogen activator a very important drug against vascular diseases.Urokinase has a half-life of 10-20 mins in plasma. Due to which it is needed to given patient in a misfortunate time span for treatment.2These problems can be solved by using the aquasomes. Aquasomes combines biotechnology and nanotechnology approaches. These sugar balls are the recent addition in delivery systems that have wider applications in peptide and protein delivery. Aquasomes are three-layered self-assembled nanostructures. They contain solid nanocrystalline core like ca lcium phosphate coated with polyhydroxy oligomers over which peptide and protein are adsorbed. The carbohydrate coating protects the peptide from dehydration and stabilizes the dynamical peptide molecules. Structural stability is provided by solid core. Aqausomes maintains the conformational integrity of peptide which makes it ideal carrier system for delivery of peptides.3,4HypothesisUrokinase is a thrombolytic enzyme having half life of 10-20 minutes. In the present work is an attempt is to retain the spatial properties of streptokinase i.e. three-dimensional conformation, which is a freedom internal molecular rearrangement generated by intermolecular interaction and a freedom of bulk movement. Using aquasomes a high degree of molecular preservation may be achieved by virtue of the significant degree of kept up(p) biological activity. The aquasomes also avoid the excretion of drug by reticuloendothelial system therefore sustained delivery of drug may be achieved, and a go bior eactor could possibly be developed which may be used as preventive measure to avoid probable vascular embolismResearch QuestionsIs it potential to immobilize Urokinase on aquasomes?Do Aquasmoes will be able to preserve the activity of Urokinase?Is it possible to achieve sustain release of urokinase with aquasomes after PEGylation?Is it possible to use similar platform for other peptide drugs?Literature reviewCurrent status of research and development in the subjectKossovsky et al.5( 1995) inform first synthesis of aquasomes for delivery of protein antigen and mussel adhesive protein. After that around fifteen research publications were appeared in scientific community utilizing aquasomes for peptide and drug delivery. Recently Aquasomes were used in delivery of peptide and drugs like insulin6 and indomethacin.7 Vyas et al.8 also used aquasomes for hepatitis antigen delivery.The relevance and expected outcome of the proposed studyVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common and potentia lly life threatening check into which is still under diagnosed and undertreated.VTE treatment is dependable of risk as patient requires precise dosing of drugs with careful monitoring.9 Due to these problems in last decade lot of studies were through for developing novel antithrombotic agents. Urokinase is a serine protease (EC 3.4.21.73) enzyme which is also called urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA). It is a thromobolytic agent. It was originally isolated from human urine, but it is also found in blood stream and the extracellular matrix. Urokinase directly activates conversion of plasminogen to plasmin which is a primary protein accountable for fibrinolysis.10 Urokianse has a half-life of 10-20 mins due to which it is not available in body for longer time. There is urgent need of a carrier which can carry the urokinase for longer time. Aquasomes is an answer for this need. As it carry the peptide with full retention of therapeutic activity for longer time. So there is a need of developing a drug delivery system for delivery of Urokinase in sustain manner11It is projected that propose system can add new dimension in delivery of urokianse through its rapid onset of action, maximal efficacy and safety.ReferencesDegim IT, Celebi N. bindled delivery of peptides and proteins. Curr Pharm Des 20071399-117Erdogan S, Ozer AY, and Bilgili H. In vivo behaviour of vesicular urokinase. Int. J. Pharm.2005 295 16Juliano RL. Microparticulate drug carriers liposomes, microspheres and cells. In Robinson JR, Lee VHL, editors. Controlled drug delivery. 2nd ed. recent York Marcel Dekker, Inc. 2005. p. 555-80.Rawat M, Singh D, Saraf S, Saraf S. Nanocarriers promising vehicles for bioactive drugs. Biol Pharm Bull 2006 291790-8.Kossovsky N, Gelman A, Rajguru S, Nguyan R, Sponsler E, Hnatyszyn CK, et al. Control of molecular polymorphism by a structured carbohydrate/ceramic delivery vehicle-aquasomes. J Control Release 1996 39383-8.Cherian AK, Rana AC, Jain SK. Self-assem bled carbohydrate-stabilized ceramic nanoparticles for the parenteral delivery of insulin. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 200026459-63.Oviedo RI, Lopez SAD, Gasga RJ, Barreda CTQ. Elaboration and structural analysis of aquasomes loaded with indomethecin. Eur J Pharm Sci 2007 32223-30.Vyas SP, Goyal AK, Rawat A, Mahor S, Gupta PN, Khatri K.Nanodecoy system a novel approach to design hepatitis B vaccine for immunopotentiation. Int J Pharm 2006 309227-33.Agarwal S, Lee AD, Raju RS, Stephen E. Venous thromboembolism A problem in the Indian/Asian population? Indian J Urol 2009 2511-6.Agarwal Y.K, Vaidya H, Bhatt H, Manna K, Brahmkshatriya P Recent Advances in the Treatment of Thromboembolic Diseases Venous Thromboembolism Medicinal Research Reviews, 2007 27891-914,Kaur K,Kush P,Pandey RS,Madan J,Jain UK,Katare OP Stealth lipid coated aquasomes bearing recombinant human interferon--2b offered prolonged release and enhanced cytotoxicity in ovarian cancer cells.2015 59 267276(b) Objective (s) of the ResearchUrokinase is an unstable (half-life of 10-20 mins) enzyme. chemist plays and important role in their stabilization, formulation and effective delivery. Over all aim of this study is to develop urokinase immobilized aquasome. Aquasome will protect urokinase from adulteration and dehydration. It will also enhance and sustain its thrombolytic activity with reduced side effects. Specific objectives will be1. To synthesize aquasomes having different compositions.Aquasomes with different sugar coating will be synthesized. Sucrose, Trehalose , Lactose and Pyrodoxial-5-phospahte will be used for sugar coating. depicting of these nanoparticulte system will done using Transmission electron microscopy, Scanning electron microscopy, Zetasizer and X-ray powder diffractometry (XRPD). Determination of particle morphology and distribution size analysis of nanoparticles will be performed.2 To immobilize urokinase on aquasomes and coating of PEGylated phospholipidsOptimization of aquasome f ormulations for maximum loading of enzyme will be performed. Enzyme activity will be measured for immobilized enzyme and later they will be coated with PEGylated phospholipids for sustain release.3. Characterization of these nanoparticulte systems after immobilization will be performed using Transmission electron microscopy, Scanning electron microscopy and Zetasizer3. In-Vitro evaluation of aquasomal formulationsAquasomal formulations will evaluated for protein (Urokinase) release.(c) MethodologyThe envisaged work shall be undertaken on the following lines(1) Preformulation studies1.1. Identification test for proteinsIR spectroscopySDS PAGE1.2. Identification Test of Formulation Adjuvants (Sugars)Molish TestMoores TestPolarimetric stopping point of sugars1.3. preparedness of calibration curve of adjuvants (Trehalose and Cellobiose)1.4. Preparation of calibration curve of Enzyme as a Protein1.5 Preparation of Calibration curve of Enzyme in PBS (pH 7.4) and Plasma(2) Preparation an d Characterization of Hydroxy Apatite2.1 Optimization of the method for the preparation of Hydroxy Apatite2.1.1 Characterization of Hydroxy Apatite prepared by self-precipitationSize and Shape e.g TEM and SEMCrystal properties e.g XRD2.1.2 Preparation and Characterization of Aquasome2.1.3 Optimization of the poly hydroxyl Oligomers concentration on Hydroxy Apatite2.1.4 Optimization of drying condition2.1.5 Optimization of Protein concentration2.16 Characterization of Optimized Aquasome formulation.Confirmation of poly hydroxyl Oligomers coating by Zeta possible measurementDetermination of loading efficiency of various Aquasome formulationsIn-vitro release rate studiesAssessment of Biodegradability of Different FormulationRetention of Enzyme ActivityReaction Kinetics of Aquasome adsorbed UrokinaseUrokinase specific Antibody Detection(3) Stability studies of prepared formulationSDS-PAGEStorage StabilityExpected Results/BenefitIt is expected that proposed formulation will retain the s patial properties of urokinase i.e. three-dimensional conformation, which is basically achieved by freedom of internal molecular rearrangement for intermolecular interaction and without any bulk movement. Using carbohydrate based aquasomes a high degree of molecular preservation may be achieved by virtue of the significant degree of retained biological activity. The aquasomes also avoid the elimination of drug by reticuloendothelial system therefore sustained and controlled delivery of drug may be achieved.Therefore, it is aim to develop an Aquasome system being streptokinase to protect drug from degradation and dehydration as well as to enhance and sustain its biological activity with reduced side effects.It will help us in getting preliminary results which will be very useful in writing big research project grants to other funding agencies. It is also expected that this research work will allows us to publish quality publications.

Sociology Essays Code Street Life

Sociology Essays Code Street LifeCode Street LifeInterpreting The Code of the StreetGangster liveliness is often portrayed as exiting and glamorous, while the news often stereotypes the urban slums as being corrupt by violent criminals. Elijah Anderson thoroughly explains in his admit Code of the Street that life in poor minority communities are not always portrayed correctly in the media. The actor offers a crotchety way of researching for this topic by living in the area he studies he is able to share information only known by experience.He int peculiaritys to expose and clarify the life of the inner city streets. The first chapter, Decent and Street Families, explains several issues many families face when raiding a suitable tiddler. The lifestyles of of these minority communities are, in reality, really complex and intricate.The book explains how the Code, or lifestyle, varies for many throngs within the culture. The difference between street and prissy families and the way they inter characterization with each other, the difference of communities, and the significance of respect are all main estimations explained within the first two chapters.The violent surroundings and unfair circumstances are the cable of each individuals lifestyle. The author uses the term structural circumstances to define the position unrivaled accommodates involved in as a results of their vest in society. one and only(a) specimen the author used in his novel is the life of a decent single mother, where the term decent is used to calculate the individuals that do not translate in to societys negative influences.Though one common theme among decent families that is currently on the climb up is grandmothers raising grand kidren particularly the increasing number of grandmothers raising grandchildren, often see their see their difficult situation as a test from God and gather great support from their faith and church community (Anderson 38). Single mothers and g randparents have a much more difficult time swaying their children from the negative influences of the street.One common trait of the decent child is the ability to code switch. A decent child is often mocked and teased by peers as comfortably as family members as explained in Yvettes Story, which is the reason for code-switching. One of the first stories titled The Decent Single Mother Explains the many hardships of having to raise a child in a dent manner with break through the support of a scramly figure. The ability to code-switch permits a child to use crude and vulgar language and act in a different manner while in the streets, thus giving a child a way to survive trusted situations. The author insists that this trait is taught by the parents, thought I believe it is learned thorough experience.In the street manhood is defied as how well one can act him or herself in a fight. And at the alike time, being able to fight and not let anyone else talk oneself down raises respe ct among the peers. The author claims delight in becomes critical for stating out of harms way (Anderson 66). There is a problem that might arise after(prenominal) a fight though, revenge. Revenge can become very dangerous depending on the person who was offended by being beaten.Examples vary form returning with a meeting of friends or even family members to intimidate others (An example taken from Marges story) to returning with a weapon where the outcome can result in serious injury or even death. This ravel for Respect arises when the people feel as if they are abandoned and will not receive help from authorities, feeling as if they are on their own. The author writes Many of those residing in such communities feel that they are on their own, that especially in matters of personal defense, they must assume the primary responsibility (Anderson 66).The subscribe to that portrays the best idea as to how the streets of the Bronx might have been like is the film Boys N the Hood. There are several scenes in the film that relate to the book. For example, in the fount of the film the main character, a troublemaker, is sent to live with his father to learn how to be a man. There is a whole chapter dedicated to the guide for respect a section of which is titled Manhood and Nerve. Here the author claims For many inner-city youths, manhood and respect are two sides of the same expunge both require a sense of control, of being in charge (Anderson 91).Loosing control over a situation can result in bleak effects. The author does not give any specific examples however since the film closely relates to the topic of the book, bringing an example from the film is appropriate. A scene from the film involves Doughboy, one of the main characters in the movie, and his attempt to recover his brothers stolen football from a group of much bigger and stronger boys. He stands up to the group of boys who are pushing him around.He stupefys in the face of one boy in particular and kicks him in the leg. The bigger boy retaliates by slapping Doughboy down and boot him in the stomach. Doughboy criticizes his brother for being stupid and bringing the ball in the first place. Doughboy is has been humiliated in front of his brother and at that time is in like manner feeling embarrassed and places the blame toward his brother.Doughboys attempt to retrieve his brothers football and the resulting assault has everything to do with juice and the cultural adaptations Doughboy has had to make as the street kid in his decent family. As a street kid he needs to be aggressive and assert himself physically. Therefore, when his brothers ball is stolen he reacts violently as this is the language of street life. The older boy, not to be shown up by a small, lesser boy, beats Doughboy up, about likely in order to maintain his reputation as a tough street kid.Also, just like a street kid, drugs and alcohol become a major part of his life later on as he is always seen drink ing a forty. As objects play an important and multiform role in establishing self-image (Anderson, 73) his car also becomes a source of juice as it has expensive features and is very well maintained.The main goal for the decent family is to give the younger generation, usually their offspring, a chance to develop and grow out of the raging violence of the streets. Instilling good morals in a childs early years is often emphasized In decent families there is almost always a real concern with and a certain amount of hope for the future.Such attitudes are often in a drive to work to build a good life, while at the same time trying to make due with what you have (Anderson 37). Instilling these morals into the children is important if that child is to make the right decisions while in the street. Even though this task is daunting on its own, it becomes especially daunting when there is a single parent.A household maintained under the supervision of a father figure creates a more stable environment for the child. Sure both parents may work double shifts and may work late night after night, but this only serves as another reason for the children to perform well. A passage from the book shares this idea The children nodded attentively. After the adults left, the children seemed to relax, talking more freely and playacting with one another.When the parents returned, the kids straightened up again displaying quiet and gracious manners all the while (Anderson 39). In this patriarchal family the head of the household, usually the father, the children remain obedient out of fear of disappointing their parents. The decent children in this passage have a slightly higher chance at success than their fellow peers solely because neither they nor their parents have given in to the street life.Respect, or Juice, is highly valued in the streets. It is something everyone should earn in order to live without being eternally picked on or harassed. Juice can be earned in multiple ways however the most common way is through fights. In the book, Anderson claims There are always people around looking for a fight in order to increase their share of respect (73).The alternative to engaging in random fights is intimidation through physical appearance. The way a person is viewed depends on physical their appearance where factors such as the more jewelry one has, the most expensive clothing, and even the way one grooms oneself determines the amount of respect they have.In the last example Doughboy seeks revenge for his brothers murder and, in the process the characters act out Andersons ideas about reasons for revenge and Tres decent kid dilemma. Ricky was a much loved and valued member of the group of boys featured in the film. By murdering Ricky, the group of other males has greatly disrespected Doughboys position in the streets.Doughboy, as Anderson would predict, does not appear to fear death as he will face Rickys murderers with his gun and kill them, knowing, as he discusses the next day with Tre, that he will most likely get smoked, meaning shot to death. True nerve expresses a lack of fear of death and this proves manhood, which is very closely related to respect (Anderson, 92). Like Tyree in Andersons book, Doughboy feels an obligation to hurt those that hurt his brother and gains power from hurting others in the most severe form (Anderson, 84). Doughboy is purely a street kid.In short, Andersons book, Code of the Street discusses ideas of decent and street families as well as the crucial concept of respect in a way that is in agreement with the film Boyz N the Hood. The actions of Tre and his father mirror those of a decent family living in poor minority community and Doughboys actions are characteristic of Andersons ideas about street individuals. Their lives warrant examination in order to determine causes of crime as well as reasons why not all individuals in these violent communities are criminals.It is clear that opportunities need to be afforded to the individuals in these communities so that they can have hope for the future and not end up with the mindset of Doughboy that it doesnt matter if hes shot because everyone has to die sometime. The people must be allowed access to the resources necessary to become decent families which include alternative avenues to gaining juice.As opposed to achieving respect through violence and drug dealing, other standards and means to reach those standards need to be instilled in the community. learning and job training should be stressed and drug problems should be treated. Violence in the community should also be controlled so that individuals feel safe and decent kids can listen to music and study as opposed to the popping sounds of gunshots.

Professional Ethics And Accountability Of Teachers Education Essay

paid Ethics And answerableness Of Teachers Education EssayIn a humanness of science and technology, it is study that determines the level of prosperity, welfare and security of the people. This is not a mere statement of faith in education as expressed by the Education Commission (1964-66) but a very well proven truth as well. succession education of acceptable quality depends on many f issueors including curriculum, infrastructure, teaching-learning material and methods, educational technology, etc. yet the most important among these factors is the instructor. It is he who is directly responsible to operationalize the process of education, establish intimate contact with learners and motivate and paraphernalia them in various aspects of their personality in a manner that they are successfully initiated into the society as its young, promising, productive and responsible members who are capable to governing body the challenges of life effectively. Like many other passkeys, a teacher also motives sign education and training of reasonable length and quality which has to be followed by regular life-long lord development equipment sharp and useful in the ever changing contexts.-1Research Scholar, Department of Education, Ch. Devi Lal University, Sirsa.2Teaching Associate, Department of Education, Ch. Devi Lal University, Sirsa.IntroductionIn India, the need of initial education and training of the would-be teacher for different levels of coachs education is now well recognized. In higher education sector this need is yet to be appreciated by educational planner. Given the importance assigned to initial training of teacher, elaborate arrangement for initial preparation of school teachers has been do crossways the country. It is sad that the pre-service teacher preparation in the country is not well organised in its setting as well as in its curriculum.While emphasizing the need to revamp the initial preparation of teachers, the Programme of Action (PO A 1986) and the revised POA (1992) had also stressed that to meet the challenges of the twenty-first century, the quality of education will have to be enhanced which would only be possible through continuous professed(prenominal) development of working teacher at school and higher education levels. For school teachers, regular programmes of in-service training were mooted and for college and university teachers, programmers of initial orientation followed by a series of refresher courses were planned. At school level, organization of the professional development programmes for teachers is the responsibility of Institute of Advanced Studies in Education (IASE), Council for Teacher Education (CTE), State Council of Educational Research and prep (SCERT) and District Institutes of Education and Training (DIET) for different categories of teacher and teacher educators. At university level, this responsibility is being taken up by the specially created institutions called Academic Staff Colleges. But in two the cases, teachers professional development activities are confined to their at track downing these activities, get some issue and completing a technical requirement of a particular number of in-service courses for further promotion in the ladder of their career. In both the cases, it is commonly observed that teachers are more concerned with their certification for having attended programmes than their pedantic enrichment and professional development. The fault, of course, does not entirely lie with the teachers, it is also the teachers professional development institutions and educational administrators who fail to motivate the teachers to change their approach and attitude towards their professional responsibilities.Ethics originated as the philosophical study, begun by Plato and Aristotle, of what constituted a substantially life. Under the tutelage of subsequent philosophers, the thought came about that a truly good life was a life lived virtuously. T his line of though helped to establish a philosophical study of just and unjust behavior. This has taken root most especially in the professional field where the jobs of people have grant them a certain amount of authority.Professional EthicsIf one is attempting to live a just, and therefore ethical, life, then it follows that their actions should be virtuous in their vocation as well as their personal life. This is the beginning of professional ethics. Professional ethics were established, and are constantly being developed, as a guiding set of principles that help dictate what constitutes good behavior of person in authority. Professional ethics, in short, are the means of which we judge authoritys validity.Professional Ethical PrinciplesThe following are the basic rules for ethical behaviornot using authority to influence personal life or for monetary gain.Not using authority with malicious intent.Acting within the scope of positions authority only.Not influencing or advocating u nethical conduct in others.Acting in good faith to fulfill the duty of the position of authority.Need of Professional EthicsTo aware the teachers to do their duties and abiding by truth, hard work and honesty when they tend towards comforts, selfishness, laziness and money.To change the conduct and behavior of teachers in such a way behind which there must be social acceptance and approval.To act as a role model for students by behaving in ethical manner to one and all.To create, sustain and maintain a reciprocal relationship amongst school and society for ensuring symmetric development of the students as well as of society.To enable every teacher for becoming a real one in truest sense of the term by moulding his personality.To bring improvement in professional environment to make it more conducive, favourable and appropriate for effective working. For this the teacher have to follow the ethical computes of teaching profession.Professional EthicsThe following are some profession al ethics for teachers-Loyalty Towards DutyPunctualityDutifulness lever for the professionRespect for the institutionRespect and admiration for Co-StaffStrictness and straight forwardnessTruthfulnessHonestyGood Behavior Towards StudentsUse of RightsMotivational placeStudious / Good LearnerDressing SensePositive AttitudeInnovativeProper Use of AuthorityIN PARAGRAPH FORM accountability right is a concept of ethics and governance with several meanings. It is often used synonymously with such concepts as responsibility, answerability, Blameworthiness, Liability. As result the concept of Accountability of teachers has completely disappeared into cold bag not leaving behind even a faint clue. For the last three decades, all the committees and commissions appointed to suggest reforms in higher education had recommended the regular teachers performance evaluation and ensuring their accountabilityIn 1986, S.R. Sen Committee while recommending higher pay scales had added the need for code of (professional ethics) to be made a part of it.In 1986, National Policy of Education and also its programme of action (POA) had recommended for annual performance appraisal of teachers of education institutions to ensure their accountability.In Dec. 1988, the U.G.C. Issued a notification regarding Accountability in higher education for all the universities that self appraisal performance of the teacher is to be made mandatory as a requirement of Career Advancement Scheme (CAS) for award of new pay scales and be implemented with a year. Rastogi committee (1977) while emphasizing the need for account ability in teaching profession suggested self-appraisal by teacher, assessment by students in appropriate manner, periodic performance appraisal, work load and code of professional ethics should be taken in to consideration while ensuring accountability of the teachers.In 2008, UGCs latest pay review committee headed my professor G.K. Chadda recommended fourfold parameters like regularit y in classroom teaching, holding tutorials, availability to students for consultation, participating in faculty meetings, guiding and carrying our research and participating in other academic activities like seminar, workshop etc. should taken in to consideration while assessing a teachers academic accountability.Professional AccountabilityProfessionalism in any sector is a result of the extent of accountability on the part of individuals. Teaching, being a profession, assumes that every teacher needs to be responsible towards his job. The following are the anticipate teacher behavior in the form of accountability-Accountability towards students Teacher and students are the two main pillars of the teaching learning process. The progress and development of the learners fucking be possible only when the teacher is sincere, hard work, sympathetic. For achieving optimal learning of students, the teacher should be accountable and should take care of the students progress according to his ability.Accountability towards Society The most important role of teacher is to bring the students into educational fold, coordinate various activities of the society and motivate the weaker sections of the society to learn because he feces develop confidence to link between the school and the society. Hence the teacher should be accountable towards the society, which is beyond the classroom teaching.Accountability towards Profession A teacher should think various ways and means to help the students to acquire the knowledge, to develop academic potential and to sharp their future through the process of teaching- learning. Professionally accountable teachers adopt various methods and techniques of teaching follow the code of conduct, set the examples for others apply new ideas in classroom situations. Thus a teacher can fall upon profession enrichment and excellence which which is beneficial for national development.Accountability towards lifelong teaching and learning A te acher should devote his whole life to teaching as well as learning for the future of humanity as his role is multidimensional and multifarious.ConclusionA professionally accountable teacher must be excellent not only in the subject to be taught, but also understand the learning requirements of the students. He should be caring, affectionate and sympathetic towards them for their harmonious development and prosperity of nation. Hence it is essential that a teacher must be accountable towards his students, society, profession, teaching- learning process, knowledge and values. Hence, quality education is possible when a teacher has the ethics and accountability towards his profession.

A.I. - Complex and Rich :: Movie Film comparison compare contrast

A.I. the Movie - Complex and Rich The pastime of viewing films has enraptured me for all of my memorable life. No director has provoked my attention and incisively fey me at the most extreme and deep levels as Stanley Kubrick. To call Kubrick my favorite filmmaker would be an understatement. In 1994 Stanley Kubrick called up his longtime friend Steven Spielberg and asked him to come everyplace to his home, just outside London, as he had something important to discuss with him. Spielberg flew out that night. The following day Kubrick told Spielberg he wanted him to direct A.I. as a Stanley Kubrick performance with Kubrick producing. Kubrick provided Spielberg with the reasoning that the film would be better suited to his directing style and his figurer special effects fluency (Stanley Kubrick LIP). As Kubrick had been working on A.I. since the eighties he had difficulties in several areas with the project. He never found a writer to his satisfaction that he could collaborate wit h and form a screenplay. Kubrick also could not solve certain issues with the film such as the portrayal of Gigolo Joe and other core elements of the story (Daly, Harlan). Additionally Kubrick was not satisfied with the state of technology and computer graphics and he knew that if he waited just a few years, making a much better film would be possible. A.I. remained a work in progress and Spielberg went on to other endeavors as he opted not to direct A.I. a few months later (Daly 28). Nevertheless Kubrick still consulted with Spielberg on A.I. and shelved it for a microchip so he could make the interim film, Eyes Wide Shut. Kubrick died shortly thereafter. A.I. was passed down in a sense, and Spielberg picked it back up and attempted to do in two years what Kubrick was struggling to do for a good decade and a half. There is a lot to like about the finished production of A.I. I choose to not be bothered by the parts of the film that I feel are glossy. I found watching it to be a c aptivating experience. Let no mistake be made, A.I. is a Steven Spielberg film. Sure, Spielberg utilized the numerous conversations he had with Kubrick as well as Kubricks copious yet scattershot preparatory outlines, notes, and drawings but I can only imagine what A.I. would have been had Kubrick made the picture (Daly 30).

Dead Men Do Tell Tales Essay -- William R. Maples Forensic Anthropolog

Dead Men Do Tell TalesIn the book, Dead Men Do Tell Tales, by William R. Maples, Ph.D. and Michael Browning, a yarn is told in how the dead, no matter how dead, still talk to us. The book is appropriately titled because, according to Dr. Maples, truth is discoverable, truth wants to be discovered (2). Dr. Maples tells us of what it is resembling to be a Forensic Anthropologist. Dr. Maples does not hold anything back in any of his descriptions, from the smell of corpses to the explanations of maggots.Dead Men Do Tell Tales is a have a go at it engrossing journey into the world of Forensic Anthropology and the science of bones. The book is well organized and easy to follow. The story is not from some published medical reverse containing lengthy medical terminology. The book is best described as the story of Dr. Maples career and interesting encounters it entailed. The book is a total of 292 pages. The book is organized into 16 chapters, each appropriately titled for the subj ect and stories that it contains. One could only wish that any story tellers could be as good as Dr. Maples.The first chapter, each Day Is Halloween, gives a preview of the book and talks about the nightmares that he seldom has. They are usually flitting images of the everyday things I see on the business enterprise crushed and perforated skulls, lopped-off limbs and severed heads, roasted and dissolving corpses, hanks of human hair and heaps of white bones all in a days work at my office (1). In this part of the book, we learn of Dr. Maples life and how it came to include the fascinating world of anthropology. It is in this chapter that Dr. Maples proves his credibility that he knows what he is public lecture about. He tells of his upbringing with strict moral val... ...anything. I think that the book is so fasinating cause he doesnt try to put a rated R subject into a PG-13 book, after all we live in a rated R world, whether we like it or not. He helps to illustrate his world in all different varieties, I believe that is why the chapters were broken down the way there were. Dr. Maples includes so many fascinating experiences and resolutions to his investigations that even I was able to plosive consonant interested to the last page. The class helped out a lot in reading this book because I was able to easily follow his explanations of the skeleton, from differences between manly and female skeletons, the different bones that were being talked about, the dental records, and a lot about the skull, like skull features, cranial sutures, and orbital features. I only wish all school books assigned could be as interesting as this one.

South Africas Historical Complexity Essay -- South Africa History His

South Africas Historical Complexity After having studied mantel Town, South Africa for the departed months, I have had the opportunity to come face to face with a place whose culture and history outdoes most other places in the world. Their respect for their historical past and their want to preserve it is remarkable. In 1948, the South African establishment began to limit the freedom of black Africans. In fact, it was at this point in history that the government officially launched a system of apartheid. Given the fact that Cape Town is at the tip of continent of Africa, not only is the climate is very mild, convertible to that of San Diego in the United States but it is actually bordered by two Oceans. On the go away side of the city the Atlantic Ocean rests, and on the left hand side, the Indian Ocean. The temperatures between the two differ noticeable and this is even more shocking to believe because the distance between both coasts is within 5 driving minutes. As a result o f this new system, under the leadership of Albert Lutuli and Johannesburg law partners Oliver Tambo and Nelson Mandela, the African National Congress organized a passive opponent campaign against the apartheid and issued the Freedom Charter. The government suppressed the movement and began to arrest the ANC leaders. In 1959 the parliament passed new laws extending racial segregation by creating separate homelands for South Africa s major black groups. With that being said, as a consequence, the two different Ocean coast catered to two different crowds. The Atlantic Ocean coast, with its perfect weather, attractively white sandy beaches and sky blue water was available only to the white people. On the Indian Ocean side, even though the water was warmer, the bea... ...ica as a whole, we have been able to see the effects of change. The country has seen its share of troubles and yet they have come back on track and have modify as a country. What was once a racist divide within beach es has now become a safe haven for all people. And so in this case, climate and society work hand in hand. There was a time where the temperature of the air dictated who attended which beach. It is nice to see how time has the former to change all things and that despite the plateau of the weather in Cape Town, things change around it and set new perimeters with it. WebsitesThe Weather Underground The Official Cape Town Website Referenceshttp//www-cs-students.stanford.edu/cale/cs201/apartheid.hist.htmlhttp//vlib.iue.it/history/africa/south_africa.htmlhttp//www.fyvie.net/photos/Travel/South%20Africa%20July%202004/content.html

Linguistic Stereotypes Essay -- Research Papers Language Essays Langua

Linguistic StereotypesLanguage is a method in which individuals communicate in order to get their opinion across to the listening party. Language is the tool which ideas can be conveyed in various ways. Typically, language is referred to verbal confabulation, however, it ranges to all methods of communication i.e. sign language. Linguistic stereotypes are an existent form of discrimination. Since, languages are criticized and mocked due to the connection between language and ethnical character. Thus, language is significantly related to the individualism of the speakers. In addition, languages are vulnerable to criticism due to differences in cultural behavior. Firstly, according to dictionary.com identity is defined as the variety of characteristics by which an individual is recognizable as a member of a base. Or in simpler terms the individuality of a person which makes him part of a society or creates a cultural connection or resemblance. These characteristics can be religion , culture and any other form of behavior that shows a sign of distinction. A personal rendering is, the link established between an individual and a group which have unique characteristics. Language has a personality and a mood, created by the behavior of the speakers and their cultural identity. Moreover, this includes the tools speaker use to communicate through i.e. sign language. Languages can be described by human emotions and feelings therefore, language is personified and dynamic. Historical events have lead to changes in languages in caused flexibility and dynamicity of language. Globalization and colonization also had an effect in word borrowing, and many languages have been altered due to this. Languages are also interpre... ...conversation and mood. Finally, the medias involvement in creating stereotypes, and their ability to harness linguistics to establish links between language and identity. Comedians use accents as a method of criticizing a group of people and re ferencing to cultural behavior. Therefore, Linguistic stereotypes occur due to the association between language and the identity of a group of speakers. Works CitedPreston, Dennis R. Do you speak American? 27 April 2005. .Rabidcow. Language Stereotypes. 26 April 2005. Spark Notes.com Casablanca, study guide, 27 April 2005. .Dicionary.com Definition of Identity